Women candidates have come from across the political spectrum, underlining the fact that women are not a homogenous group. They have neither voted as a block nor voted along identical lines to men, although gender gaps in voting behaviour have diminished over time.
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- The criminal courts refused to recognise women as witnesses, or as independent criminals, and responsibly for their actions was assumed to lie with their husbands, fathers and kin.
- Again, the victims in all but one of these cases were illegitimate infants and the perpetrators were predominantly young, single women often employed in some form of domestic service.
- In higher social ranks, marriages were often political in nature and the subject of complex negotiations in which women as matchmakers or mothers could play a major part.
- The opening of the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art in 1960 and the creation of the Scottish Arts Council in 1967 signalled a new era in state funding and support for contemporary art in Scotland.
- Fed up with the slow progress, Suffragettes were set to re-invigorate the movement.
From 1923 onwards, Scots MPs always included a woman, generally with several serving at any one time. However, in 1979, Scotswomen’s representation at Westminster dropped to a sole woman MP, Judith Hart, Labour MP for Lanark. Numbers rose slowly thereafter, with 1997 representing a breakthrough, when 12 women MPs were elected. The high point was the 2015 election, when 20 women MPs were elected from Scotland.
Men had considerable latitude in disciplining the women under their authority and although a handful of cases turn up in higher courts, and the kirk session did intervene to protect women from domestic abuse, it was usually only when the abuse began to disturb public order. The criminal courts refused to recognise women as witnesses, or as independent criminals, and responsibly for their actions was assumed to lie with their husbands, fathers and kin. As a result, a married woman could not sell property, sue in court or make contracts without her husband’s permission.
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Moorhead was force-fed for only four days before being released with double pneumonia. NRS holds a wealth of records about suffragette activities in Scotland, including their prosecution, imprisonment, newspaper reports and cases of force-feeding. The enumerator noted individuals who refused to provide information as ‘Suffrage Protestors’. One other notable record includes a returned census schedule with ‘no votes for women, no information from women’ written at the top. The NUWSS 1907 procession was the first of several during the campaign and was a form of protest that advertised the number of women agitating for the vote.
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Normally marriage followed handfasting, a period of betrothal, which in the Highlands may have effectively been a period of trial marriage, in which sexual activity may have been accepted as legitimate. Highland women, based on the higher birth rate of the Highlands, might have married earlier than their Lowland counterparts. Actress Rose Leslie was born in Aberdeen and raised at nearby Lickleyhead Castle where her father serves as the Chieftain of Clan Leslie. Rose is perhaps most well-known for playing the role of Ygritte in the hugely successful Game of Thrones series, and also played a prominent role in another iconic TV show – Downton Abbey.
Believing that taxation without representation was a form of tyranny, the WFL encouraged all suffrage societies to participate in the boycott through evasion – avoiding the notice of the enumerator – or resistance – refusing to provide information. Being a part of the ASB brings you so much more than just learning new business skills. It envelopes you in a network of support, inspiration and encouragement to achieve your goals, may they be personal or professional. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. For Kilday’s analysis of the women who committed homicide and infanticide, see Chaps. In some cases where women had claimed that their infants had been born dead, a surgeon removed the lungs to conduct tests to see if they would float.
Women’s representation in local government in Scotland remains lower than in England, but has increased over time, now standing at 29 percent. With the advent of Women’s Committees in the 1980s, local government came to play a crucial role as a training ground for women politicians and in building an equalities policy community . However, only around 13% of the total offenders who were punished for the crime faced the death sentence. Therefore, this study does not support the argument that women received aggravated punishments. 79 Instead, it has shown that murderous women were subject to the stipulations of the Murder Act, as were men, but there was less appetite to see women mount the scaffold for infanticide, particularly after the concentration of cases in the mid-eighteenth century. Despite the provisions of the 1690 statute not being formally repealed until 1809, in practice judicial responses to infanticide and its punishment had undergone long and gradual processes of change. The courts increasingly utilised other penal options that fell short of the death sentence to punish the women convicted of child murder, notably banishment.
We are here to build an inclusive community, to have fun and form friendships, to campaign, to learn, to share and to socialise. Add into the mix that Scotland’s top tier now has three fully-professional women’s clubs and the outlook of the women’s game in Scotland has never been brighter. All legal advice and representation provided through the SWRC is by the solicitors of JustRight Scotland.
As noted, research into the careers of Scottish women politicians remains limited, mainly confined to the earlier women MPs. There is some evidence of the kind of ‘women’s interests’ taken up by early women MPs, and of the impact of feminist ideas on the issues taken up by ‘critical actors’ in Holyrood. Yet we still lack any detailed account of the legislation of the inter-war years, for which women’s organisations lobbied MPs. Nor is there any systematic examination of Scottish women MPs’ voting records or contributions to House of Commons debates, which would make it possible to assess to what extent they may have promoted women’s interests, among their other political interests and responsibilities to constituents.
However, more women than men supported the Conservative party until the 1990s; by then there was little difference in women’s and men’s voting behaviour relating to the then-dominant parties . The widespread belief in the limited intellectual and moral capacity of women, vied with a desire, intensified after the Reformation, for women to take personal moral responsibility, particularly as wives and mothers. In Protestantism this necessitated an ability to learn and understand the catechism and even to be able to independently read the Bible, but most commentators, even those that tended to encourage the education of girls, thought they should not receive the same academic education as boys. In the lower ranks of society, they benefited from the expansion of the parish schools system that took place after the Reformation, but were usually outnumbered by boys, often taught separately, for a shorter time and to a lower level.
They range from Mabel Pryde Nicholson, who was born in 1871, to Pat Douthwaite, who was born in 1934 . TourismIHG, parent company of the Holiday Inn Express brand of budget hotels, has admitted that a “lapse in standards” led to a pair of underwear going undetected. JusticeKenneth Divers, 77, is being brought back to face court proceedings after being arrested by Vietnamese authorities on Tuesday at the request of Police Scotland. HomelessnessGlasgow’s Alexander Thomson Hotel, which is part of GDB Hotels group, saw a wave of drug-related deaths. Missing peoplePolice say Anekah Wissinger, 14, was last seen near Buchanan Galleries at around 3.15pm on Tuesday when she left her parents to get food from a local shop. Huge congratulations from all at scottishathletics to two worthy winners, who have both put many hours of hard work in their respective fields into the sport. Most of her spare time is dedicated to athletics, she sits on SSAA committee, Peer Groups for Field and Start Team, and takes the time to mentor new officials.
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The article examines political parties’ track records in promoting women candidates, and comments on the careers of women politicians. The article argues that the increase in women’s representation in recent decades is attributable to the efforts of women activists, and to the specific strategies adopted by parties to achieve this. It also argues that the Scottish Parliament has significantly extended opportunities for women to participate in political decision-making and in policy-making. Of the women ministers in the first Scottish Executive, no-one had previous experience of elected office, and not only had the challenge of learning how to run government departments, but also encountered difficulties with senior male civil servants, and much sexism from the media . However, they drew support from networks in the trade union movement, women’s organisations and community groups. Some of those interviewed by Dalgety and Phillips made explicit their feminist beliefs, as they did in the Scottish Parliament. The national strategy on domestic abuse and support for refuge provision was seen as a significant achievement, but women ministers also saw themselves as implementing female-friendly social policies in transport, community justice, and childcare.
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It is particularly important to do that in parts of the country where the percentage of the population who are at risk is very low, because if FGM does take place, it could have a catastrophic effect on girls. We firmly believe—this goes back to Alex Cole-Hamilton’s question, too—that automatic anonymity should be provided immediately.
- My amendments also leave the existing powers of the court untouched in order to guard against any unforeseen circumstances that may arise that are outwith the ambit, allowing the court to fall back on the existing powers if need be.
- I will not be able to expose someone who has experienced FGM to that environment.
- As that is not my area of expertise, I do not feel that I am in a position to respond in relation to the 2015 act.
- The curriculum was designed to meet the needs of the children in front of us, so teachers and schools will decide the most appropriate aspects of RSHP for children to learn.
In 2015, we had full funding from the DFE to work in six pilot local authorities in the east of England. We worked specifically only on female genital mutilation. The approach involved looking at a system change in how local authorities respond to cases of FGM.
From heroes and queens to rivers and islands, you’re spoiled for choice. 24th October marks the start of Scottish Women and Girls in Sport Week, a nationwide campaign that provides an opportunity to throw a spotlight on women and girls’ participation in sport and physical activity.
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It would be good to ensure that that is firmly rooted in the statutory guidance that we will develop. As I have just explained, that will build on what we already have and where we might go next on ensuring that all our health professionals who might be on the front line on these issues have the necessary expertise, capacity and understanding. I am happy to hear from committee members if they have ideas on how we might do that. However, I also reiterate that we will be working with the implementation group to ensure that we get our approach absolutely right. In the other local authorities, we are working to bring about a system change. We have been based in some local authorities since 2015, and, because we have been there longer and because our multi-agency approach involves many partners such as education and health, our interventions have reaped a lot of benefits and rewards.
The committee has explored the matter previously to try to get a sense of what people think of that prospect. That is probably separate from the multi-agency guidance that you are talking about. The way in which the topic is broached is much more important than understanding 30 or 40 different terms that are used across different communities for a particular procedure.
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However, we support our schools and teachers to deliver relevant and engaging learning. Earlier this year, we supported publication of an online teaching resource for relationships, sexual health and parenthood education. I have seen that excellent piece of work at first hand, and I encourage all members to take a look at it. It includes content on FGM that can be targeted at the early secondary level.
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I use what exists and I would like to be able to say that it is statutory guidance. Even if, as we were saying before, there might be few times when somebody is the subject of an order, that would help me, just as having a law helps me when I am training.
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Sadly, we can expect only more austerity from Boris Johnson’s Government at Westminster. However, many of the services that will be involved in the prevention strategy are funded by local government. Therefore, I urge the Scottish Government to stop the underfunding of councils in Scotland. scottish brides I welcome the more consistent multi-agency response, but I see service after service stretched to its limits. That can make it difficult for the health service to provide the services that are needed. Many services are underfunded and understaffed, and we can add to those burdens.